Are sea lions smarter than dogs. On the other hand, seals must wriggle and roll to get ahead. Are sea lions smarter than dogs

 
 On the other hand, seals must wriggle and roll to get aheadAre sea lions smarter than dogs  In the following Animal Cognition study, the scientists found that the gifted dogs tilted their heads 43% of the time when asked to retrieve a toy by name

Lions display a remarkable level of intelligence that allows them to thrive in the wild. Lions belong to the subfamily Pantherinae which includes tigers, jaguars,. Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain. Research has shown that feline intelligence includes the ability. Perhaps that's because Golden Retrievers have more neurons than hyenas, lions, or brown bears—despite these animals have brains up to three times as large. A. By analyzing the ages of more than 30,000 dogs that died between 2016 and 2020, scientists calculated the average life expectancies of 18 breeds and crossbreeds in the United Kingdom. Seals, sea lions, and fur seals are at risk from interactions with fisheries and aquaculture, as they can become entangled in nets or cages, and drown. dogs intelligence debate, they do suggest that dogs have a higher cognitive capacity than cats. Dolphins are about as smart as a three-year-old child, and dogs are about as smart as two-year-old children. 7: Pigs. They are very intelligent creatures, especially when it comes to hunting and finding food. Goats, pigs, dolphins, seals and sea lions do at least as well as. More On: animals. To enjoy the snack, the lion needs to yank on a rope descending from the box, which is attached to a spring-loaded. Dogs performed adequately: better at taste than cats, but worse at the sense of touch (think of a cat’s sensitive whiskers). Coyotes are. Sea Lions sunbathe on a dock at Pier 39 February 25, 2010 in San Francisco, California. Seals are commonly referred to as “dogs of the sea. When comparing seals to dogs, it’s clear that seals are semi-aquatic due to their flippers, whereas although dogs can swim they are primarily land animals. Rats. Perhaps if tigers were to live in groups, they would’ve had. Depending on the dog breed they may be smarter or not. . . When business is. If there's one book you should never judge by its. Recent studies have shown that both Seals and Sea Lions are as smart as dogs and may be smarter. One of the smartest animals – the elephant. Dolphins and Sea Lions. The difference in how they are perceived results mostly from the fact that a lot of people keep dogs as pets and interact with them on a daily basis, while cows play a much smaller role in most people’s lives. They can use tools, carry coconut shells for shelter, stack rocks to protect their dens, and carry jellyfish tentacles for defense. This seems to make them much smarter than other mammals with comparable brain sizes, such as bears, and shows why sea lions can learn skills that are not in their innate repertoire of. They even groom themselves. Let’s dive deep into some facts, research and findings so as to determine how smart seals are. (The above video clip is the first part of an experiment to determine which is smarter, dogs or cats, done by the new science and investigative series, "This vs. Dog owners brag about canine intelligence, and cat lovers reply that cats are as just smart as dogs, they simply can’t be bothered to obey. You have 20 pairs of shoes, but there is only room in your closet for eight shoes. Some of these dog. Dogs are less intelligent than most people think, a new study has found, revealing that canines are no smarter than pigeons, sheep or goats. Just like any animal species, there are some cat breeds that are smarter than others. Elephants are known to have excellent memories, seem to be capable of extreme empathy, and are self-aware, recognizing. When rats are happy about their company, they will purr like a cat or even let out a high-pitched, squeaky giggle. Dogs are good at learning things. The lion is a big, strong, and fierce animal. The bear’s cunning is legendary when it comes to guarding itself against danger from hunters and poachers. , an AZ company that normally makes tasers (and other less-than-lethal deterrents) to use on humans, just introduced a $2,000 taser designed especially for wild animals like bear and moose. It can pass its knowledge down to fellow dolphins, too. Drops of water. Thus, to assess cat intelligence vs. Tigers are also much heavier and are de facto the largest cat species in the world, and the Amur tiger is the largest subspecies with males weighing up. 1. However, various studies have concluded that, overall, cats are not smarter than dogs. Konstantin Novikov/Shutterstock. and cuttlefish—are much smarter than we previously thought. 11. Cats are easy to care for, quiet, and relatively affordable. An injury to the tail, itching due to intestinal parasites or fleas; impacted anal glands; or food allergies may cause a dog to lick, bite or chase their tail, according to Schertz Animal Hospital. Dogs, on the other hand, are people. if they are desensitized to humans. Some tests have backed up this theory. California sea lions are playful, intelligent, and very vocal (sounding like barking dogs). What IQ does a cat have?The way dogs see the world: Objects are more salient to smarter dogs Nov 18, 2023 Prioritizing land to avoid species loss could reduce species extinction risk twice as efficientlyThe rhesus monkey should be smarter than a gorilla if we were to believe their EQ, which isn’t the case. This research comes with a disclaimer that just because more neurons are present in dogs, it does not necessarily mean they are “smarter” than cats. Asiatic Lions weigh between 240 (female) and 450 pounds (male). 103. Discover surprising results in this epic showdown! Home; Pet Health; Dog Behavior; Dog training; Feeding; Breeds and Types. Cockatiels can learn and mimic human speech far better than dogs and can even speak entire phrases. The neuron-to-brain size is actually lower in the largest carnivorans. With the dolphins' underwater sonar. While having a pet lizard may seem fun, monitor lizards are a big commitment and are. Over August and September 10 dead sea lions were found in Fort Bragg and another 10 in Bodega Bay. Draw: Pigs vs. The brain of the Golden Retriever contained more cortical neurons than those of the African lion and brown bear, even though the lion and bear had far larger cerebral cortices than the dog. You will notice the largest community nesting only in sea turtles. Sea lions consume large quantities of food at a time and are known to eat about 58% of their body weight. 12. Reply10. Fourth, while both species spend time both in and out of the water, seals are better adapted to live in the. A lion and a wild dog are fighting for control of the food supply. They are vulnerable to the effects of climate change on ocean currents, which impacts their fish prey abundance. Are Bears Smarter Than Lions?Are Lions Smarter Than Dogs? Lions are about as smart as dogs. The best answer to who is smarter, a horse or a dog, is no one knows for sure. Mountain lions have no problem feeding from a carcass, whether they killed it or not. They’ve long been lauded as one of the world’s most intelligent animals. Lions are highly intelligent animals considered the smartest among big cat species. A wide-ranging study of big cat skulls, led by Oxford University scientists, has shown that tigers have bigger brains, relative to their body size, thanA new study by researchers from the University of Copenhagen found that jellyfish are smarter than previously believed. Dogs are not stupid animals, they are more than aware that living in a house full of humans is not a pack. It's also one of the smartest animals in the world, not to mention the smartest pets. The Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito warns that sick-appearing marine mammals may be suffering from leptospirosis, a bacterial infection that can impact any mammal, including humans and dogs, and can cause kidney failure. In fact, sea turtles return to their birthplace during their breeding and nesting season. The Detroit Lions are off to a historic franchise start thanks to a 31-26 comeback victory over the Chicago Bears. The size difference does have some control over sheer processing power, and cats have been bred to lose certain wild traits, in exchange for human compatible traits. 15 Reasons Cats Are Way Better Than Dogs. While dogs are good at following commands and understanding human body language, otters are better at problem-solving and using tools. Nov 21, 2012 #4. Hunter-gatherers did this, over 15,000 years ago in Germany,. Now's the time to settle it. Most pinnipeds cruise at speeds around 5 to 15 knots, though sea lions sometimes reach bursts up. Likewise, dogs have abilities equal to a child up to 2-1/2 years of age, and some breeds have higher intelligence than others. Wolves are also considered smarter than tigers, lions and other big predators, as they understand cause and effect. Mountain lions once ranged more extensively than any other mammal in the Western Hemisphere. But new research suggests that sea otters may have. A lion has to be smarter than a grazing antelope. But there is a basic irony about these feelings; the routine slaughter of animals for food (cattle, chickens, pigs, etc. Is a lion smarter than a dog? Based on the number of neurons found, they speculated that dogs have roughly the same intelligence as raccoons and lions, while domestic cats have comparable intelligence to bears. Yes, lions are smart, displayed by their general. Every creature on this planet is far more intelligent than a human being. Dogs are smarter than cats, according to new research, but how do other species’ IQs match up against. , bears, wolves, lions. Scuba diving with the females is awesome, they are very playful and will initiate your movements (flips, spins etc). A 2 year old child can distinguish between species. 5. Pigeons have long been known to be smarter than your average bird—or many other animals, for that matter. 7 feet, while the length of a male is between 5. However, given the complex tasks dogs can accomplish, we give a slight intelligence advantage in a favor of dogs. Although dogs may be better at helping people, cats have much more sophisticated brains. In a study published in Mammal Review. While their size and strength make them dangerous to prey animals, their. Third, sea lions are noisy. For example, the largest animals in the bunch—the hyena, lion and brown bear—had fewer neurons than. “Dolphins, elephants, some apes, hyenas, crows, ravens, and parrots all have an intelligence we can. “Dogs have what it takes to have more cognitive capability than cats,” says Suzana. 493 Views. Solve the following equation: 3 + 2/1 =. Humans don’t stand out that much in general, except. Toys are excellent for encouraging independent play, so they can still be learning when you aren’t training your dog. These lovable animals are one of only a few species that can recognize themselves in a mirror. Kangaroos: Smarter Than Koala Bears. No, but seriously: Dog lovers may be surprised (and displeased!) by a recent study of animal intelligence that dismisses the intelligence of dogs, compared to that of marine mammals:. Overall, dogs ranked similarly to other animals, and not outstandingly better. The Asian lion has a relatively much smaller brain compared with those of sub-Saharan lions, between which there are few differences. And one area where dogs outshine every other animal is in language skills. Sea lions. However, various studies have concluded that, overall, cats are not smarter than dogs. Dogs, on the other hand, are people pleasers. Males are enormous, fast,and territorial. And the reason, according to the researchers, is that dogs are more social animals and therefore have bigger brains than the more solitary-inclined cats. As a result, lions are better equipped to solve problems and adapt to new situations than tigers. They are able to figure out how things work. For example, the largest animals in the bunch—the hyena, lion and brown bear—had fewer neurons than the smaller ones. While the history of otters' intellect had not previously been. Seals and Sea lions are believed to be even smarter than Dogs. Are Lions smarter than cats? Lions are smarter than house cats. Lion Family. This seems to make them much smarter than other mammals with comparable brain sizes, such as bears, and shows why sea lions can learn skills that are not in their innate repertoire of behaviours. entering human camps with the bravery of a wild lion, while others are skittish and untrusting, avoiding human contact as much as possible. 7 - Wolves, foxes, other wild dogs, and domestic dog. Once. How are pigs mightier than lions? They arent mightier at all. The debate over which animal is smarter, seals or dogs, has been ongoing for some time. As far as dogs and cats go, the study found that dogs have about 530 million cortical neurons while cats have about 250 million. There is disagreement over the classification of the taxonomic group Pinnipedia. ). Most immediately. Much like humans, cats experience complex dreams while sleeping, involving long sequences of events that can be retained and recalled. How long do seals live for? Harbor seals may live a maximum of about 25 to 30 years. ) The first study. Cat intelligence. 10. And now, pigs have been added to that list! In 2015, an ecologist named Meredith Root-Bernstein was observing Visayan warty pigs as they built their nests to prepare for. Are sea lions smarter than dogs? Sea lions have been known to follow human signals better than dogs and some have been able to learn more complex tasks than dogs can. Research finds dogs are smarter than cats. An African lion gazes up at a suspended wood box. The Border collie is often touted as one of the smartest breeds of dogs. They have the. A two-lion roar will call for a two- or three-lion investigating committee, while a three-lion roar will call. Cats have a 200 times stronger memory than dogs and can recall the details of a day for up to 16 hours. What is are sea lions related to dogs? Are sea lions related to dogs is a common question, and the answer is no. According to ocean conservation nonprofit Oceana, bycatch may make up 40 percent—63 billion pounds a year—of the world’s catch. If studying true seals only (which does not include sea lions and walruses), the top ten list of the largest seals in the world would look like this: 10. (That compares to 16 billion in the human brain. hahaha. During the last part of the test, however, only the wolves could make casual inferences as to where the food was located. 17. On the whole, when. 5 to 11 feet. There is really not much in it between the two when it comes to intelligence, but it is fair to say that dolphins are more intelligent than dogs. Many people think that cats are better than dogs. Mashable SEA July 23, 2022 > Life Don't be fooled. Their ability to strategize, problem-solve, and communicate with one another is evidence of their high cognitive abilities. There is a debate that seals may be more intelligent than dogs. For example, otters have been known to use rocks to. We could also be called animals too, so we could be the smartest animals. Wolves can outsmart prey and other animals, and are incredibly cunning. However, sea lions are the only animals besides humans that have demonstrated the ability to use basic logic (if A=B and B=C then A=C). Hyenas are larger than African wild dogs. The hyena is a pathetic fool in The Lion King, but these feminist freaks are the brains of the savannah — and smarter than your average carnivore. Males tend to have a shorter lifespan, possibly. Abyssinian. Scientists claim that pigs are just as clever as dogs, despite the fact that they rarely receive the praise that man’s best friend does for their intelligence. The length of a female is typically between 4. incredible,right. Cats have a good handle on meal times, for instance, and they can often sense when something is going to happen and prepare themselves. These sea lions are known for having a huge degree of sexual dimorphism compared to other animals. Hyenas seem to be smarter than other carnivores such as lions, which live in smaller groups, and which Holekamp describe as "surprisingly robot-like in their responses to situations". That depends on the individual pig and the dog. The brain is about 1. Bears are smarter than dogs, according to some animal trainers and zookeepers. 3) barking: short burst of sound, usually by dominant males. For quick reference, here are the top 10 smartest dog breeds as reported in Dr. . Yes, based on the research it was seen that goats have a much higher IQ than most people would have assumed. Are Seals As Smart As Dogs?Sea lions have been known to follow human signals better than dogs and some have been able to learn more complex tasks than dogs can. Lions also have a higher number of neurons than domestic cats. One of the most intelligent non-primate animals the research team has studied are elephants, which have 5. Seals are quieter, vocalizing via soft grunts. the dog brain. Science questions and answers for a 5th grader. has documented more than 150 sick or dead sea lions. Among wild cats, the lion is a frontrunner when it comes to intelligence. Rats are the smartest rodents in the world, despite the tiny size of their bodies and brains. A group of kangaroos is called a mob and it typically counts ten or more individuals, where the most dominant male is the leader of the group. ”As far as dogs and cats go, the study found that dogs have about 530 million cortical neurons while cats have about 250 million. Smarter Every Day 192 (VR Series) 490 Views. 2 percent of an average dog’s body mass and about 2 percent of the average human’s. growing human settlements and sea lions virtually come into people's houses and physically interact with humans and dogs, an immediate threat to a population with. Is a mountain lion bigger than a bobcat? Mountain lions are 7. Ultimately, though, it seems that the question of who is smarter when it comes to survival in the wild is a matter of opinion. But that doesn’t make them close cousins. 07:58. The U. Perhaps that's because Golden Retrievers have more neurons than hyenas, lions, or brown bears—despite these animals have brains up to three times as large. And the reason, according to the researchers, is that dogs are more social animals and therefore have bigger brains than the more solitary-inclined cats. Dogs come from the grey wolf, to put it simply. California sea lions faced a dire future in the. Their tail length is 27 to 41 inches. Are sea lions smarter than dogs? Sea lions have been known to follow human signals better than dogs and some have been able to learn more complex tasks than dogs can. Overall, dogs ranked similarly to other animals, and not outstandingly better. The largest African lion recorded weighed in at 800 pounds! Asiatic lions have sparser manes than African lions do, but they have bushier tails and longer tufts of hair on their elbows. snorkeling with sea lions in the Galapagos and even climbing an iceberg in Antarctica. According to research into animal intelligence, dogs are generally seen as the smarter of the two due to the fact that they’re much more trainable. Pigeons, parrots, robins, and other birds have all demonstrated this ability. During periods of nonbreeding, submissive males become more vocal than dominant males. dogs" is as old as time. Which species is smarter: dogs or cats?. Dogs are no smarter than goats, scientists say Pigs, pigeons and chimpanzees can remember the what, where and when of an event. When they are, it is a marvel to watch. Keeping a monitor lizard takes patience, learning new skills, and adequately caring for them daily. Species studied included ferret, mongoose, raccoon, hyena and lion, in addition to cats, dogs and brown bears. Is a lion. What animal is smarter than a dog? Despite the fact that dogs may be more adept at assisting others, cats have much more sophisticated brains. We know dolphins can learn to interpret detailed commands from trainers, but that’s not so different from what dogs or sea lions can do, says Bruck (who adds that his lab has even trained a. 10 - mustelids ( some I'm sure are smarter than. For comparison, humans have by far the highest number of neurons in our cerebral cortexesas many as 16 billion per person. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Dogs are also used to help find drugs or explosives. Intelligence shouldn't even be a point of debate, Comparing Tiger to a Lion in terms of Intelligence is like comparing a Domestic Cat to a Domestic Dog. Dogs are social animals that have been domesticated for thousands of years, while sharks are solitary animals that have evolved over millions of years to survive in the ocean. g. Historically they could be found anywhere from the. Male lions, and therefor all father lions, are, as a general rule, are considerably larger than female lions (mother lions). Pigeons and doves may look stupid, but they have a surprising grasp of math. Dogs and sea lions are two distinct species that belong to different taxonomic families. The dogs had. Are Tigers Smarter Than Cats? While house cats may make great pets and offer us companionship, there’s no denying that when it comes to cognitive abilities, tigers take. Beyond dogs and cats, the team found a few surprises among the other animals. 9. Bears are not smarter than dogs. Are Wolves Smarter Than Foxes? It’s difficult to determine whether wolves are smarter than foxes or whether foxes are smarter because these animal species have different sets of strengths and weaknesses depending. Monica Prelle. 9 in our list of world's smartest. 5. A sleeping cat. Humans, by contrast. 8–15. Steller’s jays mimic many wild birds, as well as chickens, squirrels, cats and dogs. 12. The hunters climb the tree, smoke the bees out, grab the honeycomb from inside, and give the bird its share for leading them there. Read more. The extraordinary smartness of the coyotes can be easily analyzed from their survival and adaptable skills. A U. Guest. Conversely, the brain of a dog is around. To do so, 1 or 2 specimens from ferrets, mongooses, raccoons, cats, dogs, hyenas, lions, and brown bears were analyzed. 9 percent of its body mass. Final Thoughts. Dogs have been domesticated for longer than cats and seem to be. Inspired by research with bottlenose dolphins at the University of Hawaii, Schusterman taught Rocky sign language at age 10. Dogs. smarter than dogs. The win moved the Lions to 8-2, the franchise's. In length, female sea lions measure 4 to 9 feet and males measure 6. Goats, pigs, dolphins, seals and sea lions do at least as well as. Ultimately, it is difficult to say definitively if sea lions are like dogs or not. (For what it’s worth, humans have 16 billion). Are tigers smarter than dogs? A tiger’s intelligence when compared to dogs is relative to their location, but on average, a dog is much smarter than a tiger. Scientists found that man's best friend is no smarter than many other animals. They can use tools, carry coconut shells for shelter, stack rocks to protect their dens, and carry jellyfish tentacles for defense. Sure, chimps and dolphins are smart. Additionally, they are able to quickly adapt to various situations and learn new behaviors much faster than dogs can. But elephants are; they are one of a very few species of animal that can look in the mirror and realize they’re seeing. But at the same time, a dog's abilities as a predator give them natural instincts that relate to overall intelligence. However, there are some key differences between the two species. smarter than dogs. ) doesn't tend to faze most. Lions, unlike tigers, are social animals that live in groups, which leads to greater cognitive ability. The cheetah's top speed is around 60 to 65 miles per hour (96. Many common farm animals are much smarter than we may realize,. Sea lion Great white shark Dolphin Image via Shutterstock No list with the smartest animal in the ocean would be complete without the dolphin. dog intelligence, we need points of true comparison: The cat brain vs. Pigs are considered the fifth most intelligent animal in the world, even more than dogs. “Octopuses are highly evolved and specialized. 9. Social life is believed to be the key factor, as researchers suggest that social intelligence leads to higher cognitive abilities. Dogs can be used as service animals for people who have disabilities. Males can weigh more than four times the weight of their female partners and even have a prominent. Although they have some features in common with the brains of their closest relatives – dogs, cats, bears and weasels – their. But. Physically, dogs have more cortical neurons than bears, giving them higher cognitive function. However, sea lions are the only animals besides humans that. Cats have a good handle on meal times, for instance, and they can often sense when something is going to happen and prepare themselves. Otters are often considered to be among the smartest of all animals, and they are certainly more intelligent than dogs. (That compares to 16 billion in the human brain. Scientists found that man's best friend is no smarter than many other animals. We love Sea Lions and want to learn more! Post any facts, pics, or anything related! Advertisement Coins. Fernando Trabanco Fotografía / Getty Images. The bottom line is your dog might be smarter than my cat, but it all depends on the individual animal. One way to measure intelligence is by comparing the brain to body size, and the elephant has the largest brain of any land animal, with as many neurons as a human brain. While dogs have intelligence comparable to a toddler, pigs operate at a much higher IQ level. The main difference between the two lies in social structure. Compare both a typical house dog and a wild grey wolf, and it's pretty obvious that many would assume the house dog is safer, friendlier, and less harmful, despite the fact that some domesticated dog breeds can pack a greater bite than the wild grey wolf. Lions love their cubs and care for them. Lions’ Instinct. One of the classic experiments that shows the cognitive difference between. This also includes bears. Contents. During a study involved training, results showed that seals were actually quicker at picking up and learning hand signals than dogs. Nov 18, 2023. This toy offers the ability to adjust difficulty levels. According to the number of neurons, lions and dogs have almost the same standard of intelligence because they have the same number of neurons. California Sea Lion: (Up to 2. Sea lions consume large quantities of food at a time and are known to eat about 5–8% of their body weight (about 6. 9. Seals Have a Short-term Memory (18 seconds) Seals and sea lions have been found to have a memory that lasts for around 18 seconds. In a Fight Between a Lion and a Wild Dogs, Who Would Win? The answer is the lion. Their large body size, swimming speed, long, sharp teeth, and intelligence make them the most dangerous predator in the ocean, and fortunately, the ocean offers a lot of prey at their beck and call. 9 ft. Octopus intelligence is shaped, in part, by octopus needs – the kind of mind they have and need is dependent upon their evolutionary history, their environment, and their body-type. The cat brings the snuggles, while the dog offers a comforting paw of support. Steller’s sea lion The largest sea lion is Steller’s sea lion, which can weigh 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) and grow to a length of 3. ". Seals are related to dogs, but they are not very closely related. Cows are known to have quite complex social interactions. Cephalopods, including octopuses, are the smartest invertebrates on the planet. Believe it or not, baby mud dabblers are smarter than baby humans! Point of fact: piglets master self-awareness faster than infants. Pigs may as well be man’s best friend, according to a 2015 paper from the International Journal of Comparative Psychology. Blue jays expertly imitate red-shouldered hawks. 7, 2016. 1. The study, titled “Dogs have the most neurons, though not the largest brain: Trade-off between body mass and number of neurons in the cerebral. long) (Up to 770 lbs. We've rounded up a list of the 11 smartest cats of them all. In addition, deer may behave more intelligently in maneuvering and escaping the traps of hunters in the woods. 3. the Amundsen Sea Embayment - has lost more than 3,000 billion tonnes. Navy dog was a member of the. Seals are quieter, vocalizing via soft grunts. No list of smartest sea animals would be complete without the dolphin. 1. Birds have the potential to live many years and. Animal researchers found that pet dogs are capable of much more than just grasping commands like "fetch the ball," "sit," and "roll over. This is because hunting prey often selects for a brain capable of adaptive behavior, not because protein consumption makes you smart. Other animals that boast super-smarts include rats, squirrels, cats, otters, pigeons, and even chickens. Walruses are pinnipeds, which classifies them in the same group as seals and sea lions. Advertisement. This is the conclusion of a study that plumbed deep into the psyches of pet owners. the dog brain. A sea lion. That") More than 100,000 years ago, man interfered with the wolf's evolutionary trajectory by encouraging co-habitation and then selecting for traits he found useful, like being docile. According to the media release from Seals Unlimited, that is. Social intelligence, or social cognition, describes a complex set of skills pertaining to the ability to recognize, react to, and predict the behavior of others. Zak studied 10 cats and 10 dogs to see how much affection they had for their humans, and it turns out dogs love their owners almost five times more than cats do, according to the Huffington Post. I decided to go online and find out more. Smarter than your average bird. Short version- They are pretty much equal, but tigers should be smarter. This marine mammal has captivated people for decades, with its. As for lions acting like dogs, not so much. When they are, it is a marvel to watch. 6) meters while lions grow up to 8 feet (2.